Marriage and Family Therapists (MFT) Law and Ethics Practice Exam

Under what circumstances can a therapist disclose confidential information without consent?

1. When a client requests it

2. In cases of malpractice lawsuits

3. When there is a threat of serious harm

4. For marketing purposes

The correct answer is: When there is a threat of serious harm

A therapist can disclose confidential information without consent primarily in cases where there is a demonstrated threat of serious harm, such as when a client is at risk of harming themselves or others. This principle is rooted in ethical and legal obligations that prioritize client safety and the safety of others. The duty to protect, which can include breaking confidentiality, is vital when a therapist believes that there is an immediate and substantial risk of danger. In situations where a client has expressed intentions or thoughts related to self-harm or potential harm to others, therapists are mandated to take appropriate action, which may include informing authorities or necessary parties to prevent harm. This aligns with legal requirements in many jurisdictions that allow or require therapists to breach confidentiality when there is an imminent threat. Regarding the other options, a client requesting their own information does not automatically justify a breach of confidentiality if it pertains to sensitive details that could harm others if disclosed. Disclosing information in cases of malpractice lawsuits is governed by specific legal processes where confidentiality may be examined within the context of the court, but it does not permit a blanket disclosure of confidential information. Lastly, using confidential information for marketing purposes is unethical and inappropriate, violating the ethical principles surrounding client privacy and confidentiality. Thus, the correct answer highlights a crucial aspect of a